Apparatus for distilling solid combustible carbonaceous material



Nov. 6,1928. 1,690,933

o. HUBMANN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING SOLID` GIOMBUSTBLE CARBONCEOUSMATERIAL Filed oct. s, 1925 2 sheets-sheet 3 25 ratus embodying theinvention; and

Patented Nov. l6, 1928.

UNITED s'ixarssI PATENT] -oFFlCI-I.

APPARATUS ron. DIsrILLING sonID CQMBUSTIBLE cAnBoNAcaoU's MATERIAL;

Application `filed. October 8, 1925, Serial No. 61,342, and in" GermanyNovember 4, 1924.'

This invention relates to the vdistillation of combustiblesolid'carbonaceous, such as coal, lignite, brown coal, oil shale, peatand' wood material at relatively low temperatures.

It is the general ob'ect of the invention vto provide ap aratus o theclass referred to which comb with high economy in operation. A

For a full understanding of the principles of operation on which theinvention is based and the advantages resulting therefrom, reference ismade to the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a central sectional viewonthe line 1-1 of Fig. 3 through an apparatus embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2--2 Of'Fig; 1, through a part ofthe a/pparatus;

Fig 3 is a more or less diagrammatic plan view, partly in sectionon theline 3--3 of Fig.' 1, of a special yform of apparatus generally similarto the'` form shown in Fig. 1;

\Fig.'4 yis a sectional view on the line i- 4:

of Fig. 5 similar to Fig. 1 of another app-a- Fig. 5 is a sectiontherethrough taken onY the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Heretofore 'in distillation apparatus and the like, 'the distillationchamber and the' 39 combustion chamber for bringing the distillingmedium to the required temperature were commonly disposed separately anddetached from one another. In contradistinction to that, the presentinvention has as a' :i5 characteristic feature a direct contact betweenthe-distillation chamber or chambers and thecombustion chamber orchambers. Thus, as shown in Fig. 1, the shaft-like distilling chambers 1and the furnace 2 areV y40 in thermal contact with one another through acommon wall of refractory material. How,- ever, in order to prevent anexcessive trans- 'mission of heat fromlthefurnace 2 to the distillingchambers 1,A there are provided in the common wall between the furnace 2and l` the chambers 1 interspaces 9, the outside ines simplicity ofconstruction The disauin medium gasses through the intake Sinto t einterspaceso 9,'thenN downwardly through the same and through as-l sages11 into the gas spaces 3 from whi it passes up through the material tobe distilled and 1s wlthdrawn together with the gaseous products ofdistillation by exhaust devices The exhaust devices 7 a-reinterconnected `with the intake 8 and-a conduit 12 leading to the burner13 or through the branch conduit 12b to a storage not shown.

The material to be distilled enters through the intake 5 andpasses outof the chamberv at the bottom wherel it ma. be continuously orintermittently remove. 2 The distilling gas is continuously circulatedthrough distilling chambers as mentioned, its distilling by distillationiscarried off through the conduit 12 tothe burner 13 to be utilized asfuel in the combustion chamber 6.

The distillin gas leaving at the top of the distilling cham ers andreturning to the gas spaces 3 is relativelycool as it enters through theinlets 8 into the gas space above the furnace 2 and is thuspreliminarily heated by contact., withthe furnace wall, and also as itpasses through the interspaces 9 a heat exchange between the wallsthereof and the gas causes a rise of tem erature in the latter.

4The hot gas coming rom the combustion chamber 6 then determines thefinal temperature ofthe .gas as it enters into the gas spaces 3.

The heatexchange between the walls of the interspaces 9 and the gascoming from inlet 8 is very important in that it not only takes part inthe control of the temperatureV of the gas, but, what is even moreimportant, l effects a .corresponding abstraction of heat v,

from the walls of thefurnace, and ythereby prevents excessivetransmissionof heat to the material in the distilling chamber incontactr4 with the inside wall thereof. Thus the heat p ordinarilydissipated throu h .the furnace walls is saved and made use ul withoutdan- Another materiaf advantage is the from direct contactwith thevhotpliica'tionlof the construction itself. As the result of the particularstructural relationship between the distilling chamber and the furnace,the space occupied by the unit is`V reduced to a minimum. I-Ieat.insulation ordinarily necessary or desirable is'obviated. Connectingconduits and heat insulation4 therefor are no longer necessary.

Another advantage of the -arrangement is the'. possibility of ousingcoal dust as combustible materialin the furnace without danger to theYwalls thereof or heat loss by radiation. It is understood that the useof gaseous roductsof distillation for combustion in the urnace isreferred to primarily for the purpose of illustration. The heat ofcombustion may be produced in many other ways. As indicated in Fig.` 1,a conduit 12a represents an independent supply of fuel to the burner.The burner 13 represents only one form `of combustion device.

It is also understood that the vdistilling chamber 1 may have anydesired form and disposition of interior parts wit-hout affecting thenature of the invention.

' Fig. 3 represents a multiple arrangement including for the sake ofexample six disytillation chambers 1, .three on each side of a furnaceconstruction 2. The furnace itself may be a large furnace including apluralityof combustion devices, or may be com. posed of a plurality offurnace chambers.

Although I consider a construction such as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3,where distilling chambers are disposed on opposite sides of a furnace,as a preferred embodiment of the invention, a construction accord'- ingtothe invention may include tdistilling chambers on more than two sides,and also on only one side. v

The arrangement shown in Figs. 4 andv includes furnace 2 and two vessels1, the up- `per portions of which are used as distilling chambers 21,while the lower portions serve as cooling chambers 14..

Near the bottom of each vessel 1 is an inlet 15 through whichanoxygen-free gas is passed into a gas space or passage 16. The gas.then passes upwardly through the hot solid residue of distillation togas Spaces or passages 17, which communicate through openings 18 withthe chamber 9, and iiows- `the second passage.

into and up through chambers 9 and then through openings 20 into the gasspace or passage 3 from where it flows upwardly through the material tobe distilled.

Hot gases of combustion flow from the combustion chamber 6 throughopenings 19 into the chambers 9 and mingle with the distilling gas aspreviously described.

In this case the as while passing through the. solid residue absorbsheat therefrom and is thus preheated to a certainl point. The contactwith the walls of the chamber 9 increases the temperature, and the hotgases from the furnace chamber bring the temperayture of the gas to thenal required degree.

rIhe furnace heat may be provided by Aa burner 23 or any desired sourceof heat.

The gaseous products of distillation may be Withdrawn through conduits22, then de'- tarred in any suitabtlemanner and then returned to theinlet 15,

The apparatus may be readily modified for drying materials or a combineddrying and distilling operation.`

I claim: v v

1. An apparatus for distilling solid Combustible carbonaceous materialwhich comprises a shaft-like heating chamber for containing said solidmaterial, a conduit. eX- tending into said chamber provided' with meansfor introducing hot gases into Said material, a furnace, a`wall commonto said heating chamber and said furnace `having an interspace formedtherein and ports leading fromthe furnace tothe interspace and from theinterspace into said passage, and an additional port opening intosaidinterspacle and connected to the heating chamber, and, means forintroducing gas from the heating chamber into said interspace throughsaid additional port. t

2. 'An apparatus as claimed in vclaim 1,

in which the additional port is connected to I' a second passagewin thelower and cooler ortion of said heating chamber and means or'introducingas into said heating chamber beneath said second passage, Zvgl'reby saidgas passes through the material d into In testimony` whereof, I

ture.

o'rfro HUBMANN.

aix my signa-

